Though slavery was almost extinct in the Ottoman military, agriculture, and industry by the 1880s, Erdem (history, Bagazici U., Istanbul) claims that as late as the 1860s its demise was no sure thing, its fortunes were being buoyed by the immigration of Circassian tribes and better contact with slave recruitment areas in Africa. He examines how pressure from the west, especially Britain, ended the trade in black slaves, and the Ottoman's own interests dried it up in white slaves. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.
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