Elements of the Philosophy of Right: (Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts) Bilingual English & German Edition

This is the first-ever bilingual English-GErman printing of Hegel's influential Philosophy of Right. The American English translation is followed by the original German (translated from the old Frankur script into the modern German text) for easy reference and study. This series is the first English-Language “Hauptwerke”, or complete systematic major works, of Hegel. The original paragraph markings of the text make it easy to flip back to the original German to understand the original text better. The German manuscript has been corrected from the original Fraktur to the modern German script. The German spelling has also been updated (for example "Daseyn" became "Dasein" and "Seyende" became "Seienede"). Hegel's 1820 Philosophy of Right, originally intended to be a university textbook for his lectures at the University of Berlin, focuses on negative and positive freedom as the linchpin that binds the individual to the social; the Many to the One, cumulating in Hegel’s understanding of the State. To build toward his understanding of the state and the relation between states, Hegel begins by re-iterating his metaphysics of the individual in the Dialectical. The “elements” which make up any legal or governmental structure is the Subjective-Objective-Absolute dialectical of Geist. He maintained the idea of constitutive subjectivity but went beyond the individual consciousness to Geist- the constitutive reality of transcendental subjectivity which is more than the sum of its collection of finite empirical subjects: "Consciousness provides its own criterion from within itself' by which its adequacy can be judged, 'so that the investigation becomes a comparison of consciousness with itself” (PS §8 4, 85 P 53, 54) Marx criticized Hegel’s understanding of the state as Objective Spirit, and attempted to strip governmental and political institutions of the Spiritual or moral nature. Hegel’s understanding of hyper-objects as Spirit has significantly shaped 19th and 20th-century psychology and cultural philosophy. Hegel has an elegiac view of philosophy; that philosophy can only understand what has happened in the past. Here in the Philosophy of Right we find one of his most famous and poetic statements: “When philosophy paints its grey in grey, then a figure of life has grown old, and with grey in grey it cannot be rejuvenated, but only recognized; the owl of Minerva only sets flight at the falling of dusk.” Minerva is the Roman name of the Greek deity of wisdom, Athena. Philosophers observe social reality and struggle to change current realities. And the Epoch which Hegel is retroactively describing is the Enlightenment. This is the fifth of 11 publications from Newcomb Livraria Press covering all of Hegel’s major works chronologically in both English and German: 1. Jenaer Schriften/ Jena Writings (1801-1806) 2. Phänomenologie des Geistes/ The Phenomenology of Spirit (1807) 3. Wissenschaft der logik/ The Science of Logic (1812) 4. Enzyklopädie der philosophischen Wissenschaften im Grundrisse/ Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences (1817) 5. Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts/ Elements of the Philosophy of Right (1820) 6. Vorlesungen über die Philosophie der Weltgeschichte Lectures on the Philosophy of world-history (1770–1831) 7. Vorlesungen über die Ästhetik/ Lectures on Aesthetics (1818 -1829) Part I (English) 8. Vorlesungen über die Ästhetik/ Lectures on Aesthetics (1818 -1829) Part II (German) 9. Vorlesungen über die Philosophie der Religion/ Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion (1821-1831) 10. Vorlesungen über die Geschichte der Philosophie/ Lectures on the History of Philosophy (1805-1831) Part I (English) 11. Vorlesungen über die Geschichte der Philosophie/ Lectures on the History of Philosophy (1805-1831) Part II (German)